Álvaro de Luna.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Ælfgifu

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

ÆLfric (955-1010).

Encyclopedia entry

Esther Smith (Author), 2000

Ælfric of Eynsham (Mid-Tenth Century–After 1010).

Encyclopedia entry

David Day (Author), 2002

Ælred of Rievaulx (Ailred, Æthelred, Æthelred, ETHELRED) (1109–1167).

Encyclopedia entry

Zina Petersen (Author), 2002

Æthelbert of Kent (c. 560–616).

Encyclopedia entry

David Day (Author), 2002

Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (d. 918)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Æthelflæd of Mercia (c. 918).

Encyclopedia entry

Janet Pope (Author), 2002

Æthelred the Unready of England (Æthelræd “Unræd”) (968–1016).

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew Hussey (Author), 2002

Æthelstan of England (c. 895–939; King of the Anglo-Saxons 924/925–927, King of the English 927–939).

Encyclopedia entry

David Day (Author), 2002

Æthelthryth, St. (d. 679)

Encyclopedia entry

Carole Hough (Author), 2004

ÆThelwold (c. 908-94).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Évangile aux Femmes (“Women's Gospel”)

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Ólá Fr I Tryggvason of Norway (d. 1000).

Encyclopedia entry

Joseph Carroll (Author), 2002

Óláfr II Haraldsson of Norway, Saint (c. 995–1030).

Encyclopedia entry

Joseph Carroll (Author), 2002

Þorlákr Þorhallsson (1133–1193).

Encyclopedia entry

John Paul Walter (Author), 2002

‘Aisha bint Abi Bakr (d. c. 678)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (d. 661)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

“Battle of Finnsburgh.”

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

“Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Cleric’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Cook’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Cædmon’s Hymn.”

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

“Dream of the Rood, The.”

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Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

“Flowery Wars”

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

“Fowles in The Frith.”

Encyclopedia entry

Sigrid King (Author), 2000

“Franklin’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Peggy Huey (Author), 2000

“Friar’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“General Prologue, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

The “Jottings” of the Japanese Writer Kamo no Chomei (thirteenth century)

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

“Knight’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Lady H.”

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

“Lenten is Come With Love to Town” (c. 1314).

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Man of Law’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Manciple’s Tale, the.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Matter of Britain, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Matter of England, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Matter of France, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Matter of Rome, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Melibee, Tale of.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Merchant’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Miller’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Monk’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Nou Sprinkes the Spral”

Encyclopedia entry

Sigrid King (Author), 2000

“Now Gooth Sunne Under Wode.”

Encyclopedia entry

Sigrid King (Author), 2000

“Nun’s Priest’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Nut Brown Maid.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Pardoner’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Physician’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Prioress’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Reeve’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Ruin, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Seafarer, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

“Second Nun’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Shipman’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Sir Thopas” (c. 1387-1400).

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Spoiling the Egyptians”: Military Strategy in the Tactica of LEO VI (886–912 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

James Francis LePree and Ljudmila Djukic (Editors), 2019

“Squire’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Sumer is Icumen In.”

Encyclopedia entry

Sigrid King (Author), 2000

“Summoner’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Wanderer, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

“Wife of Bath’s Tale, The.”

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

“Wulf and Eadwacer.”

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Aachen

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Aasta of Norway (late 10th century–early 11th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Nadia Margolis (Author), 2004

Abaqa (r. 1265–1282)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Hope (Author), 2017

Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Abbo (Abbon) of Fleury, Saint (c. 945–1004).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul B. Nelson (Author), 2002

Abd al-Malik (c. 646–705)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Abdallah ibn Yasin (d. 1059)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Abelard (1079–1142) and Heloise (ca. 1090–1164)

Encyclopedia entry

Jan Bulman (Author), 2012

Abelard, Peter (1079-1142).

Encyclopedia entry

Anna Shealy (Author), 2000

Abelard, Peter (1079–1142).

Encyclopedia entry

Leah Larson (Author), 2002

Ablutions

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

About the Author

encyclopedia

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

About the Author

encyclopedia

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

About the Authors

encyclopedia

Carole Levin, Debra Barrett-Graves, Jo Eldridge Carney, W. M. Spellman, Gwynne Kennedy and Stephanie Witham (Authors), 2000

About the Authors

encyclopedia

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

About the Contributors

encyclopedia

Robert Thomas Lambdin and Laura Cooner Lambdin (Authors), 2000

About the Editor

encyclopedia

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

About the Editor, Authors, and Contributors

encyclopedia

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

About the Editors

encyclopedia

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

About the Editors

encyclopedia

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Abravanel, Isaac ben-Judah (1437–1508)

Encyclopedia entry

Deborah S. Ellis (Author), 2001

Abstinence

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Abu Bakr (d. 634)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Abu Bakr ibn ‘Umar (d. 1087)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Abu Said (r. 1317–1335)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Abutsu‐ni (c.1220–1283)

Encyclopedia entry

Shigemi Sasaki (Author), 2004

Account of Samarkand under Timur-I Leng (ca. 1403–1406)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

Account of the Battle of the Ugra River from the Nikonian Chronicle (1480)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

An Account of the Battle of Tours by a Spanish Christian Chronicler

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Account of the Otrar Massacre (1219)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

An Account of Trade with the Etiopian Kingdom of Aksum, 525

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Accounts of the Saharan City of Sijilmasa (tenth-twelfth centuries)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Accused Queen

Encyclopedia entry

Melinda Sue Collins (Author) and Carl Lindahl (Author), 2000

Acrostic.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Acton Burnell, Statute of (1283).

Encyclopedia entry

William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Acutuba

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Adam.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Adam of Bremen (d. c. 1081).

Encyclopedia entry

Patricia Price (Author), 2002

Adam of Usk (c.1350–1430).

Encyclopedia entry

Claire M. Valente (Author), 2002

Adamnan (Adomnán) of Iona (623/624–704).

Encyclopedia entry

Helen Conrad-O’Briain (Author), 2002

Adela of Blois (c.1067–1137)

Encyclopedia entry

Kimberly A. LoPrete (Author), 2004

Adelaide (Adelheid) of Burgundy (c. 930–999).

Encyclopedia entry

Edward J. Schoenfeld (Author), 2002

Adelaide, Countess of Aumale (1029–1090)

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson (Author), 2004

Adelard of Bath (c. 1080–after 1142).

Encyclopedia entry

Anne Collins Smith (Author) and Owen M. Smith (Author), 2002

Adhémar of Le Puy (d. 1098).

Encyclopedia entry

Jonathan M. Wooding (Author), 2002

Admonitio Generalis

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Adoptionism

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Adrianople, Battle of (378 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Adultery

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Advent

Encyclopedia entry

Bradford Lee Eden (Author), 2000

Aelfric

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Aelia Eudocia

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Aella, king

Encyclopedia entry

Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Aemilia Lanyer

Encyclopedia entry

Gwynne Kennedy (Author), 2000

Aethelberht I of Kent (d. 616)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Aethelred the Unready, King

Encyclopedia entry

Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Affinity

Encyclopedia entry

William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Afonso V, “the African,” King of Portugal.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

African Traditional Religions

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Afterlife

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Agapetus Counsels Justinian on the Proper Conduct of Christian Rulers (Sixth Century)

Encyclopedia entry

James Francis LePree and Ljudmila Djukic (Editors), 2019

Agentes in Rebus

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Aggersborg

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

Agincourt, Battle of (1415)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Medwick (Author), 2002

Agnes of Assisi, St. (c.1197–1253)

Encyclopedia entry

Sandro Sticca (Author), 2004

Agnes of Bohemia, Blessed (1203 or 1211–1282)

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson (Author), 2004

Agobard of Lyons, St. (769–840)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Agricola, Alexander (c. 1446–1506),

Encyclopedia entry

Jan Pendergrass (Author), 2001

Agricola, Rudolf (1444–85),

Encyclopedia entry

Frans A. van Liere (Author), 2001

An Agricultural Instruction Manual (thirteenth century)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon (Author), 2009

Agriculture

Encyclopedia entry

Robert D. Craig (Author), 2009

Ailisia de Baldo

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Ailly, Pierre d’ (1351–1420).

Encyclopedia entry

Jeffrey Fisher (Author), 2001

Aistulf (d. 756)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Aix-la-Chapelle

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Akan

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Akka Mahādēvī

Encyclopedia entry

Debra Barrett-Graves (Author), 2000

Aksum

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Alais, N'

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Alaisina Yselda (1190s–c. early 1230s)

Encyclopedia entry

June Hall McCash (Author), 2004

Alamanda. (late 12th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner (Author), 2004

Alan Goa and the Arrow Parable

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Alan of Lille (Alain de Lille, Alanus de Insulis) (c. 1120–1203).

Encyclopedia entry

Joel Fredell (Author), 2002

Alans

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alans

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Alaric (c. 370–410)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alaric II (d. 507)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alba Lady

Encyclopedia entry

Gale Sigal (Author), 2004

Al-Bakri (d. 1094)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Albarno, Montréal d’ (d. 1354),

Encyclopedia entry

Angela B. Fulk (Author), 2001

Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72),

Encyclopedia entry

C. Thomas Ault (Author), 2001

Albertusmagnus (Albert the great), Saint (c. 1200–1280).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrew G. Traver (Author), 2002

Albigensian Women

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Alboin (d. 572)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alchemy in Religious Daoism (c. fifth century)

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Alcuin of York (c. 730/735–804)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alcuin of York (c. 730–804).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrew Scheil (Author), 2002

Aldegund, St. (c.639–c.684)

Encyclopedia entry

Duey White (Author), 2004

Aldhelm (Before 640–709).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrew Scheil (Author), 2002

Alemanni

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alewives/Brewsters

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Alexander III (b. 1241, r. 1249–86)

Encyclopedia entry

Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Alexander III, Pope (c. 1105–1181, Pontificate 1159–1181).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul Miller (Author), 2002

Alexander Nevsky (1220–1263)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Alexander of Hales (c. 1186–1245).

Encyclopedia entry

James R. Ginther (Author), 2002

Alexander VI, Pope (b. 1431, r. 1492–1503).

Encyclopedia entry

Kristopher Bell (Author), 2001

Alexiad

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Alexius I Comnenus (1057–c. 1118).

Encyclopedia entry

Tom Papademetriou (Author), 2002

Alfonso Fernández de Madrigal.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Alfonso Fernández de Palencia.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Alfonso V, “the African,” King of Portugal (b. 1432, r. 1438–81),

Encyclopedia entry

Angela B. Fulk (Author), 2001

Alfonso V, “the Magnanimous,” King of Aragon, Naples, and Sicily (b. 1396, r. 1412–58),

Encyclopedia entry

Paul D. Buell (Author), 2001

Alfonso VI of Castile and Léon (c. 1040–1109).

Encyclopedia entry

Gregory B. Kaplan (Author), 2002

Alfonso VII of Castile and León (el Emperador—“The Emperor”) (1105–1157).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul B. Nelson (Author), 2002

Alfonso VIII of Castile (1155–1214).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul B. Nelson (Author), 2002

Alfonso X of Castile (1221–1284).

Encyclopedia entry

Linda A. McMillin (Author), 2002

Alfonso X (“El Sabio”).

Encyclopedia entry

Rebecca Stephens (Author), 2000

Alfred the Great (849-899).

Encyclopedia entry

Esther Smith (Author), 2000

Alfred the Great (849–899)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Alfred the Great (849–899)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Alfred the Great (849–899, r. 871–899).

Encyclopedia entry

William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Alfred the Great, King

Encyclopedia entry

Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Al-Fārābī.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Algazel.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Alginchi

Encyclopedia entry

Paul D. Buell (Author), 2017

Al-Idrīsī.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Alien Priories

Encyclopedia entry

Carol Miller (Author), 2002

Alighieri, Dante.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

al-Jahiz’s Ninth-Century Essay on the Turks

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Allauddin Khilji (d. 1316)

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Allegory.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Alliterative Revival.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Alliterative Verse.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Al-Ma'Mūn.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

al-Mansur (d. 775)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

al-Ma’mun ibn Harun al-Rashid (d. 833)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Almoravid and Almohad Movements

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Almuc de Castelnou (c.1140–c.1184 or early 1200s)

Encyclopedia entry

June Hall McCash (Author), 2004

al-Muqaddasi (c. 945–c. 1000)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

al-Muqaddasi’s Tenth-Century Description of the Aksâ Mosque in Jerusalem

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

al-Muqaddasi’s Tenth-Century Explanation of the Construction of Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Alphabet

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Al-Rashīd.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

al-Ya‘qubi’s Description of Baghdad in the Ninth Century

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

al-Ya‘qubi’s Ninth-Century Description of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Alysoun.

Encyclopedia entry

Sigrid King (Author), 2000

Alī Ibn Abītā Lib (600–661).

Encyclopedia entry

Alfons Teipen (Author), 2002

Amalasuntha (c.498–535)

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson (Author), 2004

Amalaswintha (d. 535)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Amalswintha (Amalasuntha) (born after 495–535).

Encyclopedia entry

Helen Conrad-O’Briain (Author), 2002

Amazons

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Amboise, Georges d’ (1460–1510),

Encyclopedia entry

Michelle M. Sauer (Author), 2001

Ambrose of Milan (c. 339–397)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Amicus et Amelius

Encyclopedia entry

Velma Bourgeois Richmond (Author), 2000

Amiens, Treaty of (1423)

Encyclopedia entry

James Alexander Doig (Author), 2002

Ammianus Marcellinus (c. 330–395)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Ammianus Marcellinus’s Account of the Battle of Hadrianople

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Amulet and Talisman

Encyclopedia entry

Jacqueline Simpson (Author), 2000

Anastasius, Flavius (r. 491–518 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Ancestor Veneration

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Ancestor Worship

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Anchorites

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Ancrene Riwle (c.1225)

Encyclopedia entry

Craig R. Davis (Author), 2004

Ancrene Wisse.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Andreas.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Andreas Capellanus.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Andreas Capellanus

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Andreas Capellanus (c. 1180).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Andrew Cheyne’s Account of Food and Feasting on Ponape in Micronesia, 1843

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Andrew of Wyntoun.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Andrew’s Day, Saint

Encyclopedia entry

Nicola Royan (Author), 2000

Andrés de Escobar.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Anelida and Arcite.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Angela Merici, St

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Angela of Foligno, Blessed (c.1248–1309)

Encyclopedia entry

Sandro Sticca (Author), 2004

Angela of Foligno (c. 1248–1309).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrea Schutz (Author), 2002

Angelico, Fra (c. 1395/1400–1455),

Encyclopedia entry

Nicola McDonald (Author), 2001

Angels

Encyclopedia entry

John McNamara (Author), 2000

Angilbert, St. (c. 740–814)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Anglesey Sound, Battle of

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Anglo-Latin Literature.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Anglo-Norman.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Anglo-Saxon.

Encyclopedia entry

Anna Shealy (Author), 2000

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Encyclopedia entry

Nicholas Howe (Author), 2000

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.

Encyclopedia entry

Richard McDonald (Author) and Richard McDonald (Author), 2000

The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of England according to Bede

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Anglo-Saxons

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Anglo–Scottish Wars (1296–1328).

Encyclopedia entry

Alexander Bruce (Author), 2002

Animal Tale

Encyclopedia entry

Michèle Simonsen (Author), 2000

Animals

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Animals

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Anjou, René , Duke of.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Ankara, Battle of (1402)

Encyclopedia entry

Tom Sizgorich (Author), 2017

Anna Comnena

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Anna Comnena (1083–1153).

Encyclopedia entry

Alana Cain Scott (Author), 2002

Anna Comnena Describes the First Crusade (twelfth century)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Anna Komnena

Encyclopedia entry

Debra Barrett-Graves (Author), 2000

Anna of Munzingen (early 14th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Albrecht Classen (Author), 2004

Annales Cambriae.

Encyclopedia entry

Richard McDonald (Author), 2000

Annals.

Encyclopedia entry

Richard McDonald (Author), 2000

Anne Askew

Encyclopedia entry

Carole Levin (Author), 2000

Anne de Beaujeu

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Anne Halkett

Encyclopedia entry

Stephanie Witham (Author), 2000

Anne Locke

Encyclopedia entry

W. M. Spellman (Author), 2000

Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394)

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson (Author), 2004

Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394)

Encyclopedia entry

Jo Eldridge Carney (Author), 2002

Anne, Saint

Encyclopedia entry

Francesca Canadé Sautman (Author), 2000

Anne Valois, Duchesse de Bourbon.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Annona

Encyclopedia entry

Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Annwfn [Annwn]

Encyclopedia entry

Brynley F. Roberts (Author), 2000

Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109).

Encyclopedia entry

Marguerite Ragnow (Author), 2002

Anselm of Laon (d. c. 1117).

Encyclopedia entry

James R. Ginther (Author), 2002

Anselm, St. (1033-1109).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Anskar (Ansgar), Saint (801–865).

Encyclopedia entry

Clinton Atchley (Author), 2002

Antioch

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Antioch

Encyclopedia entry

Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Antioch Chalice

Encyclopedia entry

Brenda K. Thacker (Author), 2019

Antioch, Principality of

Encyclopedia entry

Jochen Burgtorf (Author), 2017

Antoine de La Sale.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Antonio de Nebrija.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Apollonius of Tyre

Encyclopedia entry

Alexandra H. Olsen (Author), 2000

Aporoi

Encyclopedia entry

Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Appellant, Lords

Encyclopedia entry

Jane Zatta (Author), 2002

Aquinas, St. Thomas (c.1225-74).

Encyclopedia entry

Anna Shealy (Author), 2000

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint (C. 1224/1225–1274).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrew G. Traver (Author), 2002

Aquitaine

Encyclopedia entry

Janet A. Thompson (Author), 2002

Arabic-Islamic Tradition

Encyclopedia entry

Ulrich Marzolph (Author), 2000

Arbella Stuart

Encyclopedia entry

Carole Levin (Author), 2000

Arbogast (d. 394)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Arc, Joan of.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Arcadius (r. 395–408 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Architecture

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Argula von Grumbach

Encyclopedia entry

W. M. Spellman (Author), 2000

Ari Þorgilsson (Ari the Wise, Ari the Learned) (1068–1148).

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew Hussey (Author), 2002

Arianism

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Arians

Encyclopedia entry

Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

An Armenian Account of the Mongols’ Divine Right to Rule (Early 14th Century)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

Armor

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Armor

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Army

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Stanley D. M. Carpenter (Author), 2002

Arnold of Brescia (c. 1094–1155).

Encyclopedia entry

Marguerite Ragnow (Author), 2002

Arnulf of Metz, St. (580–643/647)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Arras, Congress and Treaty of (1435)

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John K. Hayden (Author), 2002

Array, Commission of

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Kirstin V. Foust (Author), 2002

Art

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Marion Hollinger (Author), 2002

Artemisia Gentileschi

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Debra Barrett-Graves (Author), 2000

Artevelde, Jacob van (c. 1290–1345),

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Dana L. Sample (Author), 2001

Arthur

Encyclopedia entry

Norris J. Lacy (Author), 2000

Arthur, King

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Arthur, King

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Arthurian Legend.

Encyclopedia entry

Laura Cooner Lambdin (Author), 2000

Arthurian Lore

Encyclopedia entry

Brynley F. Roberts (Author), 2000

Arthurian Women (5th century–15th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Thelma S. Fenster (Author), 2004

Articuli Cleri (1316)

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Clay Kinsner (Author), 2002

Articuli Super Cartas (1300)

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Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Artists, Medieval Women

Encyclopedia entry

Jeanne Fox-Friedman (Author), 2004

Artois, Robert of.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

The Arts

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James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

Nancy Sullivan (Author), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

The Arts

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon (Author), 2009

Arundel, 4th Earl of

Encyclopedia entry

Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Arundel, Thomas (1353–1414)

Encyclopedia entry

Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Arévalo, Rodrigo Sánchez de.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Ashdown, Battle of

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Ashikaga Shogunate (1336–1477)

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Askiya Muhammad (c. 1442–1538)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Assandun, Battle of

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

The Assassins (1090–1256 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Donna Hamil (Author), 2017

Assassins Nizari Ismacilis [Nizari Ismacilis]

Encyclopedia entry

Bonnie D. Irwin (Author), 2000

Asselt, Siege of

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Asser (d. 909)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Asser (d. c. 909).

Encyclopedia entry

William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Asser’s Life of Alfred the Great, King of Wessex (tenth century)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Astrolabe

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Astronomer, The (fl. ninth century)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Athalaric

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Athanaric (d. 381)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Athanasios, Political Reforms of Late 13th/Early 14th Centuries

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria (328–373 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Athelston.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Athenatoi

Encyclopedia entry

William Eger (Author), 2019

Atlatl

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Atolls

Encyclopedia entry

Robert D. Craig (Author), 2009

Attila (406?–453) and the Huns

Encyclopedia entry

Lars Hemmingsen (Author), 2000

Attila the Hun (d. 453)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Aucassin Et Nicolette.

Encyclopedia entry

Rebecca Chalmers (Author), 2000

Audrey, St

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Augustine of Canterbury, Saint (d. c. 604).

Encyclopedia entry

Daniel Kline (Author), 2002

Augustine of Canterbury, St. (d. 604)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Augustine of Hippo, Saint (354–430)

Encyclopedia entry

Erika Brady (Author), 2000

Augustine of Hippo, St. (354–430)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Augustine of Hippo’s Conversion Experience

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Augustine of Hippo’s Definition of a True Commonwealth

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Augustine, St. (354-430).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Augustine Writes of Childhood Sinning, 397

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Auld Alliance

Encyclopedia entry

Leslie Lawhon (Author), 2002

Aureoli, Peter (1280?–1322),

Encyclopedia entry

Frans A. van Liere (Author), 2001

Austrasia

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Autocracy

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Ava, Frau (d. 1127)

Encyclopedia entry

Albrecht Classen (Author), 2004

Avars

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Avars

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Averroës.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Avicenbron.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Avicenna.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Avignon, Juan de (fl. c. 1418),

Encyclopedia entry

Rowena Hernández Múzquiz (Author), 2001

Avonlea

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Awntyrs of Arthure.

Encyclopedia entry

Rebecca Chalmers (Author), 2000

Ayala, Pero López de.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Aybak, Qutb al-Din (d. 1210)

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Ayllu

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Aymon, The Four Sons of.

Encyclopedia entry

Rebecca Chalmers (Author), 2000

Ayn Jalut, Battle of (1260)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Azalais d'Altier (early 13th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner (Author), 2004

Azalais de Porcairague. (late 12th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Herman Braet (Author), 2004

Aztec Warrior Women (15th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Nadia Margolis (Author), 2004

Aztlan

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Aëtius (d. 454)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Babies

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Babur (1483–1530)

Encyclopedia entry

Joyce E. Salisbury (Author), 2009

Bacon, Roger (c. 1214-1294?).

Encyclopedia entry

Esther Smith (Author), 2000

Bacon, Roger (c. 1214–c. 1293).

Encyclopedia entry

Roberto Plevano (Author), 2002

Bacon, Roger (c.1220–92)

Encyclopedia entry

Stephen E. Lahey (Author), 2002

Baconthorpe, John (c. 1290–c. 1350?),

Encyclopedia entry

Richard Copsey (Author), 2001

Badon Hill, Battle of (fifth century)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Baghdad, Siege of (1258)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Bagpipe

Encyclopedia entry

Cynthia Whiddon Green (Author), 2000

Bahmani Kingdom

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Baiju (d. 1260)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Hope (Author), 2017

Bake, Alijt (1415–1455)

Encyclopedia entry

Gerrit H. Gerrits (Author), 2004

Bal des Ardents

Encyclopedia entry

Lorraine K. Stock (Author), 2000

Balban, Ghiyas al-Din (d. 1286)

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Baldwin IX of Flanders (1172–1205).

Encyclopedia entry

Laura L. Gathagan (Author), 2002

Baljuna Covenant (1203)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Ballad

Encyclopedia entry

Samuel G. Armistead (Author), 2000

Ballade.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Ballads (Balladry).

Encyclopedia entry

Gwendolyn Morgan (Author), 2000

Ballgame

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Balliol, John (c.1250–1313)

Encyclopedia entry

Alexander Bruce (Author), 2002

Balthild

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Balthild, St. (d. 680)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Baltic Tradition

Encyclopedia entry

Thomas A. DuBois (Author), 2000

Baltic, Vikings in

Encyclopedia entry

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Banabhatta (Bana) (fl . seventh century c.e.)

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Banabhatta’s Account of How the Newly Crowned Harsha Turned a Bad Omen to His Advantage, c. 606

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Banks

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bannockburn, Battle of (1314)

Encyclopedia entry

Kelly O’Connor-Salomon (Author), 2002

Bantu Expansions

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bar Hebraeus, Gregorius (1226–1286).

Encyclopedia entry

Anne Collins Smith (Author) and Owen M. Smith (Author), 2002

Bar Hebraeus on the Fall of Baghdad and the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

Barbara Allen.

Encyclopedia entry

Gwendolyn Morgan (Author), 2000

Barbarian Art

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Barberini Ivory

Encyclopedia entry

Brenda K. Thacker (Author), 2019

Barbour, John (c. 1320-95).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bard.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bardi, Contessina (c. 1400–1473),

Encyclopedia entry

Natalie Tomas (Author), 2001

Barlaam and Josaphat.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Barnes or Barne, Julyans or Lulyan

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Barnet, Battle of (1471)

Encyclopedia entry

David B. Mock (Author), 2002

Barrels and Buckets

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bartholomaeus Anglicus (fl. Thirteenth Century).

Encyclopedia entry

Daniel Kline (Author), 2002

Basil II (958–1025).

Encyclopedia entry

Tom Papademetriou (Author), 2002

Basil of Caesarea (330–379 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Basil the Great

Encyclopedia entry

James Francis LePree and Ljudmila Djukic (Editors), 2019

Basil the Great on Cenobitic Monasticism (Fourth Century)

Encyclopedia entry

James Francis LePree and Ljudmila Djukic (Editors), 2019

Basil the Great, St. (330–379)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bastard Feudalism

Encyclopedia entry

Michelle M. Sauer (Author), 2002

Battista da Montefeltro Malatesta (1383–1450)

Encyclopedia entry

Regina Psaki (Author), 2004

Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

James Francis LePree and Ljudmila Djukic (Editors), 2019

Battle of Brunnanburgh, The.

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

Battle of Maldon, The.

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

Batu (1203–1255)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Batán Grande

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Baudonivia (fl. first half of 7th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Thomas Head (Author), 2004

Baudonivia (fl. Seventh Century).

Encyclopedia entry

Janice R. Norris (Author), 2002

Baybars I (1223–1277)

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Bear [Ursus arctos arctos]

Encyclopedia entry

Stephen O. Glosecki (Author), 2000

Beast Epic. (Beast Fable).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Beatrice (13th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Regina Psaki (Author), 2004

Beatrijs of Nazareth (C. 1201–1268).

Encyclopedia entry

Patricia Silber (Author), 2002

Beatrijs van Nazareth/van Tienen (1200–1268)

Encyclopedia entry

Frank Willaert (Author), 2004

Beatritz de Dia (late 12th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Herman Braet (Author), 2004

Beatritz de Roman

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Beauchamp, Guy, Earl of Warwick (c.1271/75–1315)

Encyclopedia entry

Jeffrey S. Hamilton (Author), 2002

Beauchamp, Richard (d. 1481).

Encyclopedia entry

Kristine Lynn Rabberman (Author), 2001

Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick (1382–1439)

Encyclopedia entry

James Alexander Doig (Author), 2002

Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset (c.1406–55)

Encyclopedia entry

Janet A. Thompson (Author), 2002

Beaufort, Henry (1374–1447),

Encyclopedia entry

James C. Owens (Author), 2001

Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal-Bishop of Winchester (c.1376–1447)

Encyclopedia entry

Shelly A. Sinclair (Author), 2002

Beaufort, Margaret (1441–1509).

Encyclopedia entry

Jennifer L. Harrison (Author), 2001

Beaufort, Margaret (1443–1509)

Encyclopedia entry

Elizabeth McCutcheon (Author), 2004

Beaujeau, Pierre de, Duc de Bourbon (1438–1503),

Encyclopedia entry

Dominique Tieman (Author), 2001

Beaumanoir, Philippe de (c. 1250–1296)

Encyclopedia entry

F.R.P. Akehurst (Author), 2002

Beauneveu, André (1337–1403).

Encyclopedia entry

Dominique Tieman (Author), 2001

Beautiful Lady Without Mercy

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Becket, Saint Thomas (c. 1120–1170)

Encyclopedia entry

Lee Winniford (Author) and Carl Lindahl (Author), 2000

Becket, St. Thomas (c. 1118-1170).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Becket, Thomas, Saint (1118–1170).

Encyclopedia entry

Daniel Kline (Author), 2002

Bede (672/673–735).

Encyclopedia entry

David Day (Author), 2002

Bede (c. 673–735)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bede Describes the Conversion of the English (sixth and seventh centuries)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bede, St., The Venerable (673?-735).

Encyclopedia entry

Esther Smith (Author), 2000

Bede the Venerable (673–735)

Encyclopedia entry

John McNamara (Author), 2000

Bede the Venerable (c. 672–735)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bede’s Account of the Synod of Whitby

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bede’s Description of the Life and Works, Including the Conversion of England, of Pope Gregory I, the Great

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bedford, 1st Duke of

Encyclopedia entry

Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Beekeeping

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Beggars

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Beguine. (13th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski (Author), 2004

Beheading Bargain

Encyclopedia entry

Cathalin B. Folks (Author), 2000

Beier, Dorothea (d. 1464)

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Brigitte Edith Archibald (Author), 2004

Belisarius (505–565 CE)

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Belisarius (c. 500–565)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Belle Dame Sans Merci (1424–)

Encyclopedia entry

Helen Solterer (Author), 2004

Belle Hélène de Constantinople (14th through 17th centuries)

Encyclopedia entry

Valentina Jones-Wagner (Author), 2004

Bellini, Gentile (c. 1429–1507),

Encyclopedia entry

Susanne Breckenridge (Author), 2001

Bellini, Giovanni (c. 1431/36–1516),

Encyclopedia entry

E. Helene Tronc (Author), 2001

Bells

Encyclopedia entry

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Beltane [Bealtaine, May Day]

Encyclopedia entry

Patricia Lysaght (Author), 2000

Beltraneja, Juana la.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Beltrán de la Cueva (d. 1492).

Encyclopedia entry

Susanna Calkins (Author), 2001

Bembo, Illuminata (c.1410–1496)

Encyclopedia entry

Thomas Head (Author), 2004

Benedict Biscop (d. 689)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Benedict IX, Pope (c. 1000–c. 1055, Pontificate 1032–1044, 1045, 1047–1048).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul Miller (Author), 2002

Benedict of Aniane (c. 750–821).

Encyclopedia entry

William Schipper (Author), 2002

Benedict of Aniane (c. 750–821)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Benedict of Nursia, Saint (c. 480–c. 547).

Encyclopedia entry

William Schipper (Author), 2002

Benedict of Nursia, St. (c. 480–547)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Benedict XII, Pope (b. 1284, r. 1334–42),

Encyclopedia entry

Frans A. van Liere (Author), 2001

Benedict XIII, Anti-pope (b. 1342, r. 1394–1423),

Encyclopedia entry

Joelle Rollo-Koster (Author), 2001

Benefit of Clergy

Encyclopedia entry

Howell Gwin (Author), 2002

Bengal

Encyclopedia entry

John A. Wagner (Author), 2009

Benin

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Benjamin of Tudela (fl. Twelfth Century).

Encyclopedia entry

Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Beowulf

Encyclopedia entry

John D. Niles (Author), 2000

Beowulf.

Encyclopedia entry

Karl Hagen (Author), 2000

Beowulf

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Berbers

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Berengar of Tours (c. 1000–1088).

Encyclopedia entry

Ryan P. Crisp (Author), 2002

Berenguela of Castile (c. 1180–1246).

Encyclopedia entry

Gregory B. Kaplan (Author), 2002

Bernard Hairyfeet (841–886)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bernard of Clairvaux Condemns Abelard and Scholasticism, 1140

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint (1090–1153).

Encyclopedia entry

Andrew G. Traver (Author), 2002

Bernard of Clairvaux, St. (1090-1153).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bernard of Septimania (795–844)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bernard Silvester (d. c. 1160).

Encyclopedia entry

Joel Fredell (Author), 2002

Bernardino of Siena (1380–1444)

Encyclopedia entry

Thomas M. Izbicki (Author), 2001

Bernart de Ventadorn (fl. Mid-Twelfth Century).

Encyclopedia entry

F.R.P. Akehurst (Author), 2002

Berners, Juliana (c.1388–c.1420s)

Encyclopedia entry

Sylvia Tomasch (Author), 2004

Berno of Reichenau (d. 1048).

Encyclopedia entry

Elaine Cullen (Author), 2002

Berry, Jean Valois, Duke of.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Berserks

Encyclopedia entry

Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Berserks

Encyclopedia entry

John Lindow (Author), 2000

Bertha of Vilich (early 11th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Thomas Head (Author), 2004

Berthgyth (mid- to lat. century)

Encyclopedia entry

Alexandra Hennessey Olsen (Author), 2004

Bertilla, St

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bertken, Sister/Berta Jacobs (1426/27–1514)

Encyclopedia entry

Frank Willaert (Author), 2004

Bertrada (d. 783)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bertrand du Guesclin.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Bertrand, Pierre, (1280–1349),

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Wendy Love Anderson (Author), 2001

Berwick, Treaty of (1357)

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Leslie Lawhon (Author), 2002

Bessarion, John (1399?–1472),

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Andrew Scheil (Author), 2001

Bestiaire d'amour (Richard de Fournival), Anonymous Response to

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bestiality

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Joyce E. Salisbury (Author), 2000

Bestiaries.

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Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bestiary

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Malcolm Jones (Author), 2000

Betel

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Nancy Sullivan (Author), 2009

Beverages

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Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bevis of Hampton.

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Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bible, English

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Wendy R. Larson (Author), 2002

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Timothy May (Editor), 2017

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bibliography

encyclopedia

Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Biel, Gabriel (c. 1410–95),

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Stephen E. Lahey (Author), 2001

Bietris de Roman (late 13th century)

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Herman Braet (Author), 2004

Bigman (Melanesia)

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Nancy Sullivan (Author), 2009

Bigod, Roger, 5th Earl of Norfolk (c.1245–1306)

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Natalie Forget (Author), 2002

Binchois, Gilles (c. 1400–1460),

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Jan Pendergrass (Author), 2001

Birgham, Treaty of (1290)

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Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Birgitta of Sweden, St. (1303–1373)

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Sandro Sticca (Author), 2004

Birka

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

Bisticci, Vespasiano da.

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Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Bizzoche (13th–14th centuries)

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Nadia Margolis (Author), 2004

Björn Ironside

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Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Black Death

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Timothy R. Tangherlini (Author), 2000

Black Death

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Brenda K. Thacker (Author), 2019

Black Death

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James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Black Death

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Katherine French (Author), 2002

Black Death (Mid-14th Century)

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Stephanie Honchell (Author), 2017

Blanche of Castile

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W. M. Spellman (Author), 2000

Blanche of Castile (1188–1252)

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Diana L. Murphy (Author), 2004

Blanche of Castile (Blanca de Castilla) (1188–1252).

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Leah Larson (Author), 2002

Blasons Populaires

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Wolfgang Mieder (Author), 2000

Bleda

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Blood

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Bettina Bildhauer (Author), 2000

Blood Feuds

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Blood-eagle, Carving of

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Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Blue Horde

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Timothy May (Author), 2017

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313-1375).

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Theresa Kennedy (Author), 2000

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–1375)

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James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–75).

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Kathyrn Jacobs (Author), 2001

Boccaccio, Women in, De Claris Mulieribus (c.1362–1375)

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Glenda K. McLeod (Author), 2004

Boccaccio, Women in, Des Cleres et Nobles Femmes

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Brigitte Buettner (Author), 2004

Boccaccio, Women in, Works Other than De Claris Mulieribus (14th century)

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Michael Calabrese (Author), 2004

Bodel, Jean (Jehan) (c. 1176–1210).

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Leah Larson (Author), 2002

Bodhisattva

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Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (c. 480–525)

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (c. 480–526).

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Joel Fredell (Author), 2002

Boethius (c. 480-525).

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Rebecca Chalmers (Author), 2000

Boethius of Dacia (fl. 1270s).

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Andrew G. Traver (Author), 2002

Bohemond I of Antioch (c. 1058–1111).

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Ryan P. Crisp (Author), 2002

Bohun, Humphrey, 4th Earl of Hereford and 3rd Earl of Essex (c.1276–1322)

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Jeffrey S. Hamilton (Author), 2002

Bohun, Humphrey de, 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex (c.1249–98)

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Shelly A. Sinclair (Author), 2002

The Boke of St. Albans

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bokenham, Osbern (1393–post-1463)

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Sheila Delany (Author), 2004

Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza), Saint (c. 1217–1274).

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Andrew G. Traver (Author), 2002

Boncompagno of Signa (c. 1170–c. 1250).

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Kimberly Rivers (Author), 2002

Bondol, Jean de (c. 1330–85?),

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Marian Hollinger (Author), 2001

Bondone, Giotto di.

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Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Boner, Ulrich (c. 1290–1349),

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Martin Blum (Author), 2001

Boneta, Na Prous

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Boniface: An Early Medieval Missionary and Saint

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Boniface, Saint (c. 675–754).

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Helen Conrad-O’Briain (Author), 2002

Boniface, St. (c. 675–754)

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Boniface, St., Mission and Circle of (early to mid-8th century)

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Nadia Margolis (Author), 2004

Boniface VIII, Pope (1235–1303, Pontificate 1294–1303).

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Connie Evans (Author), 2002

Book of the Duchess, The.

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Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Books

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Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Books and Reading

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Sharon D. Michalove (Author), 2002

Books of Hours

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Fabrizio Crivello (Author), 2000

Books of Sisters

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Borja, Tecla (1435–1459)

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Kathleen McNerney (Author), 2004

Boroughbridge, Battle of (1322)

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Jean Brown (Author), 2002

Borrering

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

Borte (ca. 1161–1230)

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Donna Hamil (Author), 2017

Bosch, Hieronymus (c. 1450–1516),

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Nicola McDonald (Author), 2001

Botticelli, Sandro (1444–1510),

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Patricia Cossard (Author), 2001

Boulogne Document (1308)

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Michelle M. Sauer (Author), 2002

Bourbon, Anne Valois, Duchesse de.

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Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Bourchier, John (1467-1533).

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Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Bourchier, Thomas (1411–86),

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Jerome S. Arkenburg (Author), 2001

Bourchier, Thomas, Cardinal-Archbishop of Canterbury (c.1412–86)

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Paul Williams (Author), 2002

Bourges, Treaty of (1412)

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Ginger M. Lee (Author), 2002

Bouts, Dirc (Dieric, Dirk, Thierry) (c. 1415–75),

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Marian Hollinger (Author), 2001

Bowed Strings

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Bradford Lee Eden (Author), 2000

Boy Bishop, Feast of the

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Bradford Lee Eden (Author), 2000

Bracciolini, Gian Francesco Poggio (1380–1459),

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Anne M. Schuchman (Author), 2001

Bracton, Henry de (d. 1268).

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William B. Robison (Author), 2002

Bradwardine, Thomas (1290?–1349),

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Alan S. Weber (Author), 2001

Bradwardine, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury (c.1290–1349)

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Stephen E. Lahey (Author), 2002

Brahmagupta (c. 598–c. 660)

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Joyce E. Salisbury (Author), 2009

Bramante, Donato d’Agnolo Lazzari (1444–1514),

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C. Thomas Ault (Author), 2001

Bramham Moor, Battle of (1408)

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James Alexander Doig (Author), 2002

Brangain

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Thelma S. Fenster (Author), 2004

Brant, Sebastian (1457–1521).

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Donna Bussell (Author), 2001

Brautmystik

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Breadfruit

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Robert D. Craig (Author), 2009

Brendan, Saint (c. 486–575).

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Jonathan M. Wooding (Author), 2002

Bretwalda

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Breviary of Alaric

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Brian Boru (c. 926–1014).

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Zina Petersen (Author), 2002

Bricks and Tiles

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Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bride of Christ/Brautmystik

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Brigitte Edith Archibald (Author), 2004

Bride-Price

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bridges

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Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Bridget of Sweden

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Stephanie Witham (Author), 2000

Bridget of Sweden, Saint (c. 1303–73),

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Catherine Sanok (Author), 2001

Bridget of Sweden, St

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bridgettine/Birgettine Order

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Brigid, Saint (d. c. 525)

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John McNamara (Author), 2000

Briseida

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Broederlam, Melchior (fl. 1378–99),

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Marian Hollinger (Author), 2001

Bruce, Robert (Robert I, b. 1274, r. 1306–29)

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Michael Medwick (Author), 2002

Bruce, The.

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J. Scott Plaster (Author), 2000

Brunanburh, Battle of

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Brunelleschi, Filippo (1377–1446),

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Darin Hayton (Author), 2001

Brunhild (d. 613)

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Suzanne Fonay Wemple (Author), 2004

Brunhilde (545–613).

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Sandra Ballif Straubhaar (Author), 2002

Brunhilde (d. 613)

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Bruni, Leonardo (1370–1444),

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Laura McRae (Author), 2001

Bruno the Carthusian, Saint (c. 1033–1101).

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Alana Cain Scott (Author), 2002

Brutus

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Brynley F. Roberts (Author), 2000

Brynhild

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Brétigny, Treaty of (1360)

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David S. Green (Author), 2002

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

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James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Bucellari

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William Eger (Author), 2019

Buckingham, 1st Duke of

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Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Buckingham, 2nd Duke of

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Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Buckingham’s Rebellion (1483)

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Sharon D. Michalove (Author), 2002

Buddhism

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Bugga (fl. early to mid-8th century)

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Sr. Jane Patricia Freeland (Author), 2004

Bulgaria

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Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Bulgars

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Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Bulverket

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer and Kirsten Wolf (Authors), 2022

Burakumin

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Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Burchard of Worms (c. 965–1025).

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William Schipper (Author), 2002

Bureau of Barbarians

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Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Bureaucracy

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Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Burgh, Elizabeth, Lady of Clare (c.1291–1360)

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Celia M. Lewis (Author), 2002

Burginda (fl. early to mid-8th century)

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Edith Brigitte Archibald (Author), 2004

Burgundian Code

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Burgundian Cycle

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John Lindow (Author), 2000

Burgundians

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Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Burial Mounds

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Malcolm Jones (Author), 2000

Burial Practices and Mounds

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Kirsten Wolf (Author), 2022

Buridan, Jean (1295–1358),

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Alan S. Weber (Author), 2001

Burnell, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells (d. 1292)

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Ronald H. Fritze (Author), 2002

Bury, Richard, Bishop of Durham (c.1287–1345)

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Carol Miller (Author), 2002

Buttington, Battle of

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Tristan Mueller-Vollmer (Author), 2022

Buyids (945–1055)

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Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Buzançais, Treaty of (1412)

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Michael R. Evans (Author), 2002

Byzantinism

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Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Byzantium

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Ljudmila Djukic (Author), 2019

Béla III of Hungary (1148–1196).

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Edward J. Schoenfeld (Author), 2002

Cabalero Zifar, El.

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Rebecca Stephens (Author), 2000

Cabot, John (d. 1498?).

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R. Churchill Curtis (Author), 2000

Cacao

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Cade, Jack (d. 1450),

Encyclopedia entry

James C. Owens (Author), 2001

Cade’s Rebellion

Encyclopedia entry

Janet A. Thompson (Author), 2002

Caedwalla (c. 659–689)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Caesarea

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Caesaria, St. (fl. 502–pre-542)

Encyclopedia entry

Duey White (Author), 2004

Caesarius of Arles (c. 470–542)

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Caesarius of Arles (Caesarius Arelatensis), Saint (c. 469–542).

Encyclopedia entry

William Schipper (Author), 2002

Caesaropapism

Encyclopedia entry

Matthew T. Herbst (Author), 2019

Caesura.

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Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Cahokia

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Cairo

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Caizhou, Siege of (1233–1234)

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Timothy May (Author), 2017

Calais

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Sharon D. Michalove (Author), 2002

Calais, Siege of (1346–47)

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Kenneth G. Madison (Author), 2002

Calais, Truce of (1347)

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Michael R. Evans (Author), 2002

Calakmul

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James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Calendar

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Ruth A. Johnston (Author), 2019

Calendar

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Brian Baumann (Author), 2017

Calendar (Islamic)

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Caliph

Encyclopedia entry

Victoria B. Tashjian and James E. Lindsay (Authors), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Calixtus II (Callistus), Pope (c. 1050–1124, Pontificate 1119–1124).

Encyclopedia entry

Paul Miller (Author), 2002

Calmecac

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Calpolli

Encyclopedia entry

James L. Fitzsimmons (Author), Joyce E. Salisbury (General Editor), 2009

Cambridge Plot

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Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Camlan

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Brynley F. Roberts (Author), 2000

Campin, Robert (c. 1378–1444),

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Marian Hollinger (Author), 2001

Candlemas

Encyclopedia entry

Bradford Lee Eden (Author), 2000

Cannon

Encyclopedia entry

Timothy May (Author), 2017

Canon Law

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Barry Collett (Author), 2002

Cantar de mio Cid.

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Rebecca Stephens (Author), 2000

Cantar de mio Cid

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Joseph J. Duggan (Author), 2000

Canterbury Tales.

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John H. Fisher (Author), 2000

Cantigas de Amigo

Encyclopedia entry

Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Cantigas de Santa Maria

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Katharina M. Wilson and Nadia Margolis (Editors), 2004

Cantilupe, St. Thomas, Bishop of Hereford (c.1219–82)

Encyclopedia entry

John M. Theilmann (Author), 2002

Canute.

Encyclopedia entry

Jana K. Schulman (Editor), 2002

Canute (Cnut) (994-1035).

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Canzone.

Encyclopedia entry

Robert T. Lambdin (Author), 2000

Capellanus, Andreas (fl. 1174–1186).

Encyclopedia entry

Daniel Kline (Author), 2002

Capellanus, Andreas (late 12th century)

Encyclopedia entry

Peter L. Allen (Author), 2004

Capet, Hugh (940?-996).

Encyclopedia entry

R. Churchill Curtis (Author), 2000

Capgrave, John (1393-1464).

Encyclopedia entry

Richard McDonald (Author), 2000

Capistrano, John.

Encyclopedia entry

Clayton J. Drees (Editor), 2001

Capitulare de Villis

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Capitularies

Encyclopedia entry

Michael Frassetto (Editor), 2013

Cappadocian Image of Camuliana

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Brenda K. Thacker (Author), 2019

Captain James Cook’s Account of an Encounter with the Māori of New Zealand, 1769

Encyclopedia entry

Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Captain James Cook’s Description of War Canoes in Tahiti, 1774

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Raman N. Seylon, William B. Ashbaugh and Nancy Sullivan (Authors), 2009

Carenza, Na (c.1190–c. early 1230s)

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June Hall McCash (Author), 2004

Caritas Pirckheimer

Encyclopedia entry

Gwynne Kennedy (Author), 2000

Carlisle, 1st Earl of

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Ronald H. Fritze and William B. Robison (Editors), 2002

Carlisle, Statute of (1307)

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